Diabetes exists in various types and sizes. In this condition, the body either does not respond well to insulin or does not produce it at all. This leads to an accumulation of sugar (glucose) in the blood, causing detrimental effects. Too much glucose in diabetes can affect the kidneys, nerves, eyes, and many more organs. The primary diagnosis of diabetes focuses on determining the glucose level in the blood. Previously, glucose was also considered in urine, but that is no longer the case. We also look at HbA1C, a molecule in the blood to which glucose can attach. When HbA1C is surrounded by glucose molecules, it cannot function properly, leading to, among other things, vascular damage. HbA1C is, in turn, bound to blood cells, which perish every (average) 120 days. This means that a lab determination of HbA1c is a good prediction of your glucose levels over the past 2 months. We also measure albumin in the urine. Albumin is a large protein that does not easily pass through the kidney. When albumin is measured in the urine, we know something must be wrong with the kidneys. In diabetes, we often see albumin leaking into the urine through the kidneys, as the kidneys are damaged.